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生鐵、熟鐵和鋼的主要區(qū)別在于含碳量上，含碳量超過(guò)2%的鐵，叫生鐵；含碳量低于0.04%的鐵，叫熟鐵；含碳量在0.05~2%之間的鐵，稱為鋼。
The main difference is that the pig iron, wrought iron and steel carbon content, carbon content of more than 2% of iron is iron; carbon content of less than 0.04% of the iron, the carbon content in the name of wrought iron; 0.05~2% iron, called steel.
其實(shí)，生鐵是一種含碳量大于2.11%的鐵碳合金。工業(yè)生鐵的含碳量一般在2.5%~4%之間，并含有Si、Mu、S、P等元素，是用鐵礦石經(jīng)高爐冶煉的產(chǎn)品。生鐵主要有如下兩類。
In fact, pig iron is a kind of iron carbon alloy with carbon content greater than 2.11%. Carbon content of pig iron is generally between 2.5%~4%, Si, Mu, and contains S, P and other elements, is the use of iron ores in blast furnace smelting products. There are two main types of pig iron.
煉鋼生鐵含硅量較低，一般不大于1.75%。是平爐、轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼的主要原料，在生鐵產(chǎn)量中占80%~90%。煉鋼生鐵硬而脆，鐵和碳處于化合狀態(tài)，以滲碳體（Fe3C）形式存在，其斷口呈銀白色，所以也叫作白口鐵。軋輥、梨鏵鐵等都是白口鐵。
The pig iron contains low silicon content, generally less than 1.75%. Is the main raw material, open hearth steelmaking, accounting for 80%~90% in pig iron production in. The pig iron is hard and brittle, iron and carbon are in a combined state, and there is a cementite in the form of cementite (Fe3C). The fracture is silvery white, so it is also called white iron. Roll, Li Hua iron is white iron.
鑄造生鐵含硅量很大，一般為1.25%~3.6%。由于熔點(diǎn)低、流動(dòng)性好，常用來(lái)鑄造各種鑄件，故也叫鑄鐵。鑄造生鐵中的碳以石墨形式存在，其斷口呈灰色，性軟，易切削加工，所以也叫作灰鑄鐵。如床身、箱體、管道、管件及各種連接件等都是由鑄造生鐵制作。
Casting pig iron contains a large amount of silicon, generally 1.25%~3.6%. Because of its low melting point and good fluidity, it is often used to cast various castings, so it is also called cast iron. The carbon in foundry pig iron is in graphite form, and its fracture surface is gray, soft and easy to cut, so it is also called gray iron. Such as the bed, box, pipe, pipe fittings and all kinds of connectors, etc., are made by casting pig iron.
熟鐵又名純鐵，是含碳量低于0.04%的鐵碳合金，含鐵約99.9%，雜質(zhì)總含量約0.1％。純鐵的用途主要是作為電工材料，具有高的磁導(dǎo)率，可用于各種鐵芯。純鐵還用作高級(jí)合金鋼的原料。純鐵很少用作結(jié)構(gòu)材料，這是由于它質(zhì)地柔軟，強(qiáng)度不高；另一方面，純鐵要求碳、磷、硫等雜質(zhì)元素含量很低，其冶煉難度較大，制造成本遠(yuǎn)大于生鐵和鋼。
Also known as iron wrought iron, carbon content is lower than that of the iron carbon alloy 0.04%, iron containing about 99.9%, the total impurity content of about 0.1%. The use of pure iron is mainly used as electrical materials, with high permeability, can be used for a variety of iron core. Pure iron is also used as raw material for high-grade alloy steel. Pure iron is rarely used as a structural material, this is because of its soft texture, the intensity is not high; on the other hand, iron requirements of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur impurities content is very low, the smelting difficulty, the manufacturing cost is far greater than the iron and steel.
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