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熱處理是利用加熱和冷卻以改變金屬物理性質(zhì)的方法。熱處理能改善鋼的顯微結(jié)構(gòu),使達到所需的物理要求。韌性,硬度和耐磨性是通過熱處理而獲得的特性中的幾種。要獲得這些特性,需使用熱處理中的淬硬,回火,退火和表面淬硬等操作。
Heat treatment is a method of changing the physical properties of metals by heating and cooling. Heat treatment can improve the microstructure of steel so as to meet the physical requirements. Toughness, hardness and wear resistance are obtained by heat treatment. To obtain these properties, heat treatment, such as hardening, tempering, annealing and surface hardening, are required.
淬硬又稱淬火是將金屬均勻地加熱至適當溫度,然后迅速浸入水或油中急冷,或在空氣中或冷凍區(qū)中冷卻,使金屬獲得所需要的硬度。
Quenching is also known as quenching is the uniform heating of the metal to the appropriate temperature, and then quickly immersed in water or oil in the cold, or in the air or cooling zone cooling, so that the metal required hardness.
回火-鋼件淬硬后會變脆,同時由淬火急冷而引致的應力,可使鋼件受到輕擊而斷裂。要消除脆性,可用回火處理法。回火就是將鋼件重新加熱至適當?shù)臏囟然蝾伾?然后予以急冷。回火雖然使鋼的硬度略為減少,但可增加鋼的韌性而降低其脆性。
Tempering - hardened steel parts will become brittle, and the stress caused by quenching quenching, the steel parts by tapping and fracture. In order to eliminate the brittleness, the tempering process can be used. Tempering is to re heating the steel to the appropriate temperature or color, and then to be cold. Although the hardness of the steel is slightly reduced, the toughness of the steel is increased and the brittleness of the steel is reduced.
退火-退火是消除鋼件的內(nèi)在應力和勒化鋼件的方法。退火法是將鋼件加熱至高于臨界溫度,然后放入干灰,石灰,石棉或封閉在爐內(nèi),令它慢慢冷卻。
Annealing annealing is an effective method to eliminate the internal stress of steel parts and to. Annealing is to heat the steel to a higher than the critical temperature, and then put in dry ash, lime, asbestos or closed in the furnace, so that it slowly cooling.
硬度是材料抵抗外物刺入的一種能力。試驗鋼鐵硬度的最普通方法是用銼刀在工件邊緣上銼擦,由其表面所呈現(xiàn)的擦痕深淺以判定其硬度的高低。這種方法稱為銼試法這種方法不太科學。用硬度試驗器來試驗極為準確,是現(xiàn)代試驗硬度常用的方法。
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist foreign objects. The most common steel hardness test method is to use file on the edge file eraser, presented by the surface scratch depth to determine its hardness level. This method is called the test method is not very scientific. The hardness tester is very accurate, it is a common method of hardness test.

鍛造是用錘擊使金屬成為一定形狀<成型>的方法,當鋼件加熱達到鍛造溫度時,可以從事鍛造,彎屈,抽拉,成型等操作。大多數(shù)鋼材加熱至鮮明櫻紅色時都很易鍛造。能增加鋼材硬度常用的方法是淬火。
Forging is the use of hammering to make the metal into a certain shape < < > >, when the steel parts to the forging temperature, can be engaged in forging, bending, drawing, forming and other operations. Most of the steel is very easy to forge when heated to bright cherry red. Can increase the hardness of steel commonly used method is quenching.
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