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韌性為金屬在斷裂前吸收變形能量的能力。金屬的韌性通常隨加載速度提高、溫度降低、應力集中程度加劇而減小。常用的韌性判據為沖擊吸收功、沖擊韌度。常用的沖擊試驗方法有夏比(V型缺口)沖擊試驗、夏比(U型缺口)沖擊試驗、艾氏沖擊試驗等。
Toughness is the ability to absorb the energy of deformation before the fracture. The toughness of the metal decreases with the increase of the loading speed, the temperature and the concentration of the stress. The commonly used toughness criterion is impact absorption work and impact toughness. Impact test methods are commonly used (Charpy V notch impact test (U), Charpy Notch Impact Test), Izod impact test etc..
沖擊吸收功：規定形狀和尺寸的試樣在沖擊試驗力一次作用下折斷時所吸收的功。單位為J。
Impact absorption work: the shape and size of the specimen in the impact test force under a role in the absorption of the power. Unit for J.
沖擊韌度：沖擊試樣缺口底部單位橫截面積上的沖擊吸收功。單位為J/cm2。
Impact toughness: impact absorption work on the unit cross-sectional area at the bottom of the impact specimen notch. Unit for J/cm2.
夏比(V型缺口)沖擊試驗：用規定高度的擺錘對處于簡支梁狀態的V型缺口試樣進行一次性打擊，測量試樣折斷時沖擊吸收功的試驗。此試驗所測得的沖擊吸收功用符號Akv表示。
Charpy impact test (V gap): the specified height of pendulum of the one-time blow to V notched specimens in beam state, test specimen is broken by the impact absorbing energy. The measured shock absorption function of this test is represented by the symbol Akv.
夏比(U型缺口)沖擊試驗：用規定高度的擺錘對處于簡支梁狀態的U型缺口試樣進行一次性打擊，測量試樣折斷時沖擊吸收功的試驗。此試驗所測得的沖擊吸收功用符號Aku表示。
Charpy impact test (U gap): the specified height of pendulum of the one-time blow to U notched specimens in beam state, test specimen is broken by the impact absorbing energy. The measured shock absorption function of this test is represented by the symbol Aku.
艾氏沖擊試驗：用規定高度的擺錘對處于懸臂梁狀態的缺口試樣進行一次性打擊，測量試樣折斷時沖擊吸收功的試驗。
The impact test of the pendulum is used to strike the notched specimens of the cantilever beam with a prescribed height, and the test of impact absorbing power when the specimen is broken.
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